고급영문법 동사편 3. To 부정사와 -Ing (2)

지난 시간에 이어서 동사 + ing 또는 to 부정사에 대해서 배워보겠습니다.

 

1) to 부정사 앞에 꼭 목적어를 필요로하는 동사들

advise, allow, believe, cause, command, enable, encourage, entitle, force, invite, order, persuade, remind, show, teach, tell, warn

The police warned everyone to stay inside with their windows closed.

The police warned to stay inside with their windows close (x).

My teachers didn't encourage me to work hard at school.

My teachers didn't encourage to work hard at school (x).

 

2) to 부정사 앞에 목적어가 오면 안되는 동사들

agree, consent, fail, hope, manage, offer, pretend, refuse, start, threaten, volunteer

The shop refused to accept his check.

The shop refused him to accept his check (x). - 말이 안되죠

We've decided to leave early.

We've decided us to leave early (x).

 

3) to 부정사와 함께 목적어에 전치사가 붙는 경우들

3.1) for + 목적어 + to 부정사

apply, arrange, ask, campaign, plan, wait

We waited for the taxi to come before saying goodbye.

We waited the taxi to come... (x).

 

3.2) for + 목적어 + to 부정사인데 to 부정사가 수동태로 오는 경우

Apply, ask, campaign

They applied for the court appearance to be postponed.

 

3.3) at + 목적어 + to 부정사

go on (= to criticize continually), keep on (= to talk about something many times), scream, yell

I shouted at the man to open the door.

 

3.4) on + 목적어 + to 부정사

call (= to officially ask someone to do something), count, prevail, rely

We're depending on you to find a solution soon.

 

3.5) to + 목적어 + to 부정사

appeal, gesture, motion

He closed the door and signaled to the pilot to take off.

 

4) to 부정사와 -ing 의 다른 시제/형태들

4.1) 부정형 (not)

We decided not to go to Paris after all. - "안가기로" 결정하다

비교 - We didn't decide to go to Paris, our parents did. - 가기로 결정하지 "않다"

Some of my friends have considered not going to college because of the cost. - 대학을 안가는 것에 대해 고려하다

비교 - I haven't considered going to college - I don't want to go on studying after high school. - 고려 자체를 안하다

 

4.2) 동사 + to have p.p

Can you hear that strange noise? It seems to happen every time I turn on the tap. - seem + to 부정사: 현재형으로 항상 어떠함을 뜻함

The accident seems to have happened at around 1pm yesterday. - to have p.p를 써야 과거형

보통 이 형태는 1) 과거에 일어난 일에 대한 의견 제시 (seem, appear 등을 써서)할 때나 2) 과거에 일어난 일에 대해서 일 자체 / 누가 ~라고 말했다 등의 보고형식 (is/was alledged, believed, said, thoguths 등)일 때 자주 쓰인다.

Simon is alleged to have assaulted a police officer.

 

4.3) 어떤 동사들은  동사 + having p.p.를 쓰나 동사 + -ing를 쓰나 의미가 비슷하다.

그런 동사들엔 - admit, deny, forget, recall, regret, remember 등이 있다.

I now regret buying the car.

I now regret having bought the car.